The Impact of COVID-19 on Essential Medicines and Personal Protective Equipment Availability and Prices in Saudi Arabia.
Identifieur interne : 000103 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000102; suivant : 000104The Impact of COVID-19 on Essential Medicines and Personal Protective Equipment Availability and Prices in Saudi Arabia.
Auteurs : Rana Aljadeed [Arabie saoudite] ; Yazed Alruthia [Arabie saoudite] ; Bander Balkhi [Arabie saoudite] ; Ibrahim Sales [Arabie saoudite] ; Monira Alwhaibi [Arabie saoudite] ; Omar Almohammed [Arabie saoudite] ; Abdulaziz J. Alotaibi [Arabie saoudite] ; Ali M. Alrumaih [Arabie saoudite] ; Yousif Asiri [Arabie saoudite]Source :
- Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) [ 2227-9032 ] ; 2021.
Abstract
This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study that explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the availability of essential medicine and personal protective equipment (PPE) in Saudi Arabia. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit individuals working in the supply chain departments in different healthcare sectors in Saudi Arabia. One hundred and three pharmaceutical and medical supply chain employees participated in the study. Most of the participants (58.3%) were aged ≥35 years, male (65%), and pharmacists (92.2%). The majority of participants had at least two years of experience in supply chain (77.6%), worked in public hospitals (95.15%), and were mostly working at healthcare institutions located in Riyadh province (59.2%). Approximately 51% of the participants reported shortages of 10 or more essential drugs. Tocilizumab, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin, dexamethasone, enoxaparin, interferon beta-1b, cisatracurium besylate, prednisolone, hydrocortisone, methimazole, and methylprednisolone were reported to be in shortage by at least 8% of the participants. Almost 70% of the participants reported that the pandemic did not significantly impact the prices of prescription drugs in shortage (e.g., ≥25%). Moreover, about 70% of the participants reported direct purchasing or procurement of drugs in shortage. Surgical masks, face shields, medical gowns, and N95 respirators were reported to be in short supply by 33% or more of the participants. Approximately 53% of the participants reported the prices of PPE in shortage had seen an increase by at least 25% during the pandemic. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant disruption in the global pharmaceutical supply chain, its impact was largely manageable in Saudi healthcare institutions. This can be attributable to multiple reasons such as the effective exchange programs between hospitals and the drastic increase in public healthcare spending to ameliorate the negative impact of the pandemic on the healthcare sector.
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9030290
PubMed: 33800012
PubMed Central: PMC8001971
Affiliations:
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Alotaibi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Saudi Medical Supply Chain Assembly, Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Saudi Medical Supply Chain Assembly, Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alrumaih, Ali M" sort="Alrumaih, Ali M" uniqKey="Alrumaih A" first="Ali M" last="Alrumaih">Ali M. 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wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alruthia, Yazed" sort="Alruthia, Yazed" uniqKey="Alruthia Y" first="Yazed" last="Alruthia">Yazed Alruthia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balkhi, Bander" sort="Balkhi, Bander" uniqKey="Balkhi B" first="Bander" last="Balkhi">Bander Balkhi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sales, Ibrahim" sort="Sales, Ibrahim" uniqKey="Sales I" first="Ibrahim" last="Sales">Ibrahim Sales</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alwhaibi, Monira" sort="Alwhaibi, Monira" uniqKey="Alwhaibi M" first="Monira" last="Alwhaibi">Monira Alwhaibi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Almohammed, Omar" sort="Almohammed, Omar" uniqKey="Almohammed O" first="Omar" last="Almohammed">Omar Almohammed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alotaibi, Abdulaziz J" sort="Alotaibi, Abdulaziz J" uniqKey="Alotaibi A" first="Abdulaziz J" last="Alotaibi">Abdulaziz J. Alotaibi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Saudi Medical Supply Chain Assembly, Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Saudi Medical Supply Chain Assembly, Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alrumaih, Ali M" sort="Alrumaih, Ali M" uniqKey="Alrumaih A" first="Ali M" last="Alrumaih">Ali M. Alrumaih</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pharmaceutical Care Department, Medical Services for Armed Forces, Ministry of Defense, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Pharmaceutical Care Department, Medical Services for Armed Forces, Ministry of Defense, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asiri, Yousif" sort="Asiri, Yousif" uniqKey="Asiri Y" first="Yousif" last="Asiri">Yousif Asiri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh 11451</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)</title><idno type="ISSN">2227-9032</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study that explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the availability of essential medicine and personal protective equipment (PPE) in Saudi Arabia. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit individuals working in the supply chain departments in different healthcare sectors in Saudi Arabia. One hundred and three pharmaceutical and medical supply chain employees participated in the study. Most of the participants (58.3%) were aged ≥35 years, male (65%), and pharmacists (92.2%). The majority of participants had at least two years of experience in supply chain (77.6%), worked in public hospitals (95.15%), and were mostly working at healthcare institutions located in Riyadh province (59.2%). Approximately 51% of the participants reported shortages of 10 or more essential drugs. Tocilizumab, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin, dexamethasone, enoxaparin, interferon beta-1b, cisatracurium besylate, prednisolone, hydrocortisone, methimazole, and methylprednisolone were reported to be in shortage by at least 8% of the participants. Almost 70% of the participants reported that the pandemic did not significantly impact the prices of prescription drugs in shortage (e.g., ≥25%). Moreover, about 70% of the participants reported direct purchasing or procurement of drugs in shortage. Surgical masks, face shields, medical gowns, and N95 respirators were reported to be in short supply by 33% or more of the participants. Approximately 53% of the participants reported the prices of PPE in shortage had seen an increase by at least 25% during the pandemic. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant disruption in the global pharmaceutical supply chain, its impact was largely manageable in Saudi healthcare institutions. This can be attributable to multiple reasons such as the effective exchange programs between hospitals and the drastic increase in public healthcare spending to ameliorate the negative impact of the pandemic on the healthcare sector.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33800012</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">2227-9032</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>9</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Mar</Month><Day>07</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Healthcare (Basel)</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The Impact of COVID-19 on Essential Medicines and Personal Protective Equipment Availability and Prices in Saudi Arabia.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">290</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3390/healthcare9030290</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study that explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the availability of essential medicine and personal protective equipment (PPE) in Saudi Arabia. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit individuals working in the supply chain departments in different healthcare sectors in Saudi Arabia. One hundred and three pharmaceutical and medical supply chain employees participated in the study. Most of the participants (58.3%) were aged ≥35 years, male (65%), and pharmacists (92.2%). The majority of participants had at least two years of experience in supply chain (77.6%), worked in public hospitals (95.15%), and were mostly working at healthcare institutions located in Riyadh province (59.2%). Approximately 51% of the participants reported shortages of 10 or more essential drugs. Tocilizumab, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin, dexamethasone, enoxaparin, interferon beta-1b, cisatracurium besylate, prednisolone, hydrocortisone, methimazole, and methylprednisolone were reported to be in shortage by at least 8% of the participants. Almost 70% of the participants reported that the pandemic did not significantly impact the prices of prescription drugs in shortage (e.g., ≥25%). Moreover, about 70% of the participants reported direct purchasing or procurement of drugs in shortage. Surgical masks, face shields, medical gowns, and N95 respirators were reported to be in short supply by 33% or more of the participants. Approximately 53% of the participants reported the prices of PPE in shortage had seen an increase by at least 25% during the pandemic. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant disruption in the global pharmaceutical supply chain, its impact was largely manageable in Saudi healthcare institutions. This can be attributable to multiple reasons such as the effective exchange programs between hospitals and the drastic increase in public healthcare spending to ameliorate the negative impact of the pandemic on the healthcare sector.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aljadeed</LastName><ForeName>Rana</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>AlRuthia</LastName><ForeName>Yazed</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-0029-5924</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Balkhi</LastName><ForeName>Bander</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sales</LastName><ForeName>Ibrahim</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-8279-403X</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alwhaibi</LastName><ForeName>Monira</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Almohammed</LastName><ForeName>Omar</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-3792-4106</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alotaibi</LastName><ForeName>Abdulaziz J</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Saudi Medical Supply Chain Assembly, Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alrumaih</LastName><ForeName>Ali M</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pharmaceutical Care Department, Medical Services for Armed Forces, Ministry of Defense, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Asiri</LastName><ForeName>Yousif</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>RG-1440-010</GrantID><Agency>Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University</Agency><Country></Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>07</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Healthcare (Basel)</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101666525</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2227-9032</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Saudi Arabia</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">drug shortage</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">healthcare</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">supply chain</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>20</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2021</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>24</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2021</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>04</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>3</Day><Hour>1</Hour><Minute>4</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>4</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>4</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33800012</ArticleId><ArticleId 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saoudite</li></country></list><tree><country name="Arabie saoudite"><noRegion><name sortKey="Aljadeed, Rana" sort="Aljadeed, Rana" uniqKey="Aljadeed R" first="Rana" last="Aljadeed">Rana Aljadeed</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Almohammed, Omar" sort="Almohammed, Omar" uniqKey="Almohammed O" first="Omar" last="Almohammed">Omar Almohammed</name><name sortKey="Alotaibi, Abdulaziz J" sort="Alotaibi, Abdulaziz J" uniqKey="Alotaibi A" first="Abdulaziz J" last="Alotaibi">Abdulaziz J. Alotaibi</name><name sortKey="Alrumaih, Ali M" sort="Alrumaih, Ali M" uniqKey="Alrumaih A" first="Ali M" last="Alrumaih">Ali M. Alrumaih</name><name sortKey="Alruthia, Yazed" sort="Alruthia, Yazed" uniqKey="Alruthia Y" first="Yazed" last="Alruthia">Yazed Alruthia</name><name sortKey="Alruthia, Yazed" sort="Alruthia, Yazed" uniqKey="Alruthia Y" first="Yazed" last="Alruthia">Yazed Alruthia</name><name sortKey="Alwhaibi, Monira" sort="Alwhaibi, Monira" uniqKey="Alwhaibi M" first="Monira" last="Alwhaibi">Monira Alwhaibi</name><name sortKey="Asiri, Yousif" sort="Asiri, Yousif" uniqKey="Asiri Y" first="Yousif" last="Asiri">Yousif Asiri</name><name sortKey="Balkhi, Bander" sort="Balkhi, Bander" uniqKey="Balkhi B" first="Bander" last="Balkhi">Bander Balkhi</name><name sortKey="Balkhi, Bander" sort="Balkhi, Bander" uniqKey="Balkhi B" first="Bander" last="Balkhi">Bander Balkhi</name><name sortKey="Sales, Ibrahim" sort="Sales, Ibrahim" uniqKey="Sales I" first="Ibrahim" last="Sales">Ibrahim Sales</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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